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Diprotin A is a tripeptide inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4; IC = 1.1 μg/ml). It inhibits degradation of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1; ) in culture with insulin-secreting BRIN-BD11 rat pancreatic β-cells when used at a concentration of 25 μM. Diprotin A (5mg/ml) pre-incubation enhances chemotaxis of murine embryonic stem cells towards stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) in vitro. Pre-incubation of CD34 human umbilical cord blood cells with diprotin A (5 mM) prior to injection increases engraftment in NOD/SCID recipient mice.