Tanshinone II-A sodium sulfonate (TIIAS) is a water soluble derivative of Tanshinone IIA. Tanshonone IIA is an active constituent of the herb Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) widely used in Chinese traditional medicine for coronary artery disease, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases due to its properties of arterial dilatation. TIIAS is a synthetic opener of KCa1.1 channels with an effective concentration 10-200 μM. TIIAS increases the total permeability of BKCa in a concentration dependent manner. TIIAS has an EC50 of 111.5 μM at 0.01 μM Ca2+ and an EC50 of 68.5 μM at 0.1 μM Ca2+ 2. Similar to Danshen, TIIAS has beneficial effects on cardiac vasodilatation, reduction of oxidative stress and lipid profile. Interestingly, when used in a rat model of preeclampsia TIIAS reduced oxidative stress, however it did not lead to an improvement in pregnancy outcome criteria such as maternal blood pressure and fetal biometrics. TIIAS was also found to have analgesic properties in neuropathic pain via inhibition of the spinal astrocytic JNK/MCP-1 pathway and the reduction of IL-1β and TNF-α expression.
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